Medical mangement of chronic renal failure Research Paper

Medical mangement of chronic renal failure - Research Paper Example After the body absorbs what is needed from food for self-repairs and energy, the remainder is waste that is sent to the blood. However, these functions of the kidney are hindered by attacks on nephrons resulting in the loss of their filtering ability. High blood pressure and diabetes are responsible for renal failure, thereby resulting in slow and silent destruction of the nephrons. Kidney failure can be chronic, acute or end stage. In this paper, the discussion focuses on the medical management of chronic renal failure. This discussion defines chronic renal failure, medical tests to detect kidney failure, and management of chronic renal failure. Detection of kidney disease People may exhibit signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure. However, some have no symptoms and the doctor detects kidney condition through regular urine and blood tests. The three key simple tests recommended by the National Kidney Foundation are blood pressure measurement, spot check for albumin or protein in urine, and Glomerular filtration rate or GFR based on serum creatinine measurement (Alters, 2000). Blood pressure measurement involves the use of a dedicated cuff to obtain systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Microalbuminuria condition results from the failure of kidneys to separate albumin from blood protein. Proteinuria is the resultant condition of increased blood protein and albumin. Dipstick color indicates the presence or absence of proteinuria. Kidney biopsy and kidney imaging are also viable ways of detecting kidney failure (SIGN, 2008). Management of Chronic Kidney disease or CKD CKD is kidney failure that occurs over a lengthy duration. This duration could be months or years. However, the major causes of renal failure are diabetes and high blood pressure that are poorly managed and chronic glomerulonephritis. Other causes of CKD that are less pronounced include kidney stones, reflux nephropathy, prostrate disease and polycystic kidney disease. The most unfortunate thin g is that there is no cure for CKD. However, in its early stages kidney failure can be managed allowing the patients to live longer. This requires the observation of several steps that must ensure that heart attacks and stroke risks are minimized since such patients are vulnerable. According to Schoolwerth, McClellan and Gehr (2006), Chronic Kidney disease treatment is intended at preventing or slowing additional damage to patient’s kidneys. Proper treatment requires that underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure that cause kidney disease be identified and managed. The management of such diseases prevents situations that cause kidney damage or worsen it (SIGN, 2008). For most patients, classification falls within mild and moderate categories and hospital-based management is not necessary. For most of the patients in these categories, the most significant aspect is controlling the cardiovascular influence on patient’s renal disease. This management is m ore significant than the risk of developing end stage renal failure. Daugirdas (2011) reveals that this classification guidance is directed according to severity of the damage. The stages of chronic kidney disease are grouped in five categories. The first stage is slight kidney damage characterized by normal or increased filtration and GFR more than 90. The second stage is mild kidney function characterized by 60 to 89 GFR. Stage three

Listening to children and young people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Listening to children and young people - Essay Example Children who are capable of forming their own views have a right to receive and make known information they have through being attentively listened to, to effectively express their opinions, and to have those opinions taken into account in whatever matters affecting them. All views of the children ought to be given due weight in accordance to the age, maturity and capability of the children. According to Committee on the Rights of the Child (2009), all children with special education requirements are supposed to have a say in the roles of decision making in regards to their special education needs. Listening to the children and young ones do have very important concepts to be considered. Whoever interacts with children and young people should actually consider ensuring that they are able to benefit by growing up or developing uprightly. Through listening, adults are able to emphasize well with children by understanding the children’s inimitable thoughts, ideas, and feelings. Hence, there is creation of a child’s focused culture on communication. Effectively engaging with children and young people is very essential to Child, Youth and Family (CYF)’s task in supporting all families and adequately protecting children. By being in a position to understand the perspective of any child or young person is important in completing the assessment and development interventions. Demonstration of genuine interest in children or young people’s viewpoint, having a thorough understanding of the child/ young people’s personal development, and appreciating the environmental conditions which aid good communication with children, are so fundamental in genuine consultation and active inclusion of children in the decision making process. By ensuring that one is able to listen and try to understand children and the young people, he/she can help the child to develop the perceptions that they can be have some trust on you and come to you in case of anything to

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Education Essays Papers

Teaching Philosophy I take a completely humanistic view when it comes to educating children. I believe that Maslow was correct in his belief that people genuinely strive to reach the highest level of their capabilities. I also believe that everyone can reach his/her "self-actualization" if their lower hierarchy of needs are met first. I want to focus on three things: Maslow's levels, how they affect children and educators, and what I feel is the best tool we can give our students before they head out into the world of independence. The first level of Maslow's pyramid is basic physiological needs. I know that not every child will walk into my classroom having these needs fulfilled, and for me to expect them to gain much if anything from a lesson would be foolish. I am also very aware of the fact that I, myself, have never been truly hungry. I have never gone a day without food. It is very hard to understand the hunger someone else feels when you have never experienced that all consuming thought of food firsthand. These are needs that are often believed to be the parent's responsibility and maybe they are, but I am going to try my best to be a compassionate enough person to not waste my time judging my student's parents and simply help that child fulfill his/her basic needs. The second level is the need to feel safe. This is something I truly feel I can control. A student may not feel safe at home, in his/her neighborhood, in the hallways of the school, or even on the playground, but I will do everything in my power to instill a sense of community in my classroom so that my students understand that we have to work together to make our classroom a safe haven. This isn't just for the children's sake either. I... ...r own. In essence, we help put the individuality in small individuals. Lastly, the greatest tool we can give to our children and students is the ability to be a good decision maker. The ability to make good decisions does not happen overnight. Children have to be given choices. Starting with deciding between one piece of candy and another, and then working up from there. Some people may seem to have been born with this unique gift, but in truth, people have to be taught to weigh the pros and cons of a situation before taking action. They have to practice this process routinely. Controlling one's impulsive-decision behavior and patiently working a problem through to a sound conclusion takes years of conditioning one's minds. We, as teachers and parents, have thirteen years of school to aid children in learning this important lesson. I say, "Let's get to work".

Analyse of the Two Key Moments Essay

Just before this key moment starts, the guards takes Rebecca Nurse out of her cage, on its way to the place where people are hanged. She is astonished that John is confessing. The key moment starts with Proctor refusing to say that he saw Rebecca Nurse in the Devil’s company, or anybody else. Danforth demands that Proctor prove the purity of his soul by accusing others, but Hale advises that it is enough that he confesses himself. Parris agrees, but Danforth demands that Proctor should sign a document. Proctor says that he has confessed to God, and that is enough. He asks Danforth whether a good confession must be public. Proctor wishes to keep only his name, and Danforth thus refuses to accept his confession. Danforth orders Proctor to be hanged. Hale begs Elizabeth to plead with Proctor to sign a confession, but Elizabeth states that Proctor has his goodness now, and God forbid that she take it from him. The characters have turning points in the key moments, and I am going to discuss what happens to Hale, John Proctor and Danforth in this key moment. Hale’s beliefs in witchcraft changes, so does his faith in the law. In Act 4, he tells the accused witches to lie, to confess their supposed sins in order to save their own lives. This change of heart and hopelessness, makes Hale gain the audience’s sympathy but not its respect, since he lacks the moral character of Rebecca Nurse or, and as it turns out at the end of Act 4, John Proctor. Although Hale recognises the evil of the witch trials, his response is not resistance but surrender. He thinks that survival is the highest good, even if it means helping oneself to injustice, which honourable and truly heroic characters can never accept. John Proctor changes himself and provides a final charge of the witch trials. Offered the opportunity to make a confession that he has seen the Devil, he almost surrenders, even signing a confession letter. His great pride and fear of public opinion drove him to hold his truth, adultery, from the court, but by the end of the play he is more concerned with his personal honesty than his public reputation. He still wants to save his name, but for a personal and religious view, rather than the publics’ reasons. Proctor’s refusal to provide a false confession is a true religious and personal determination. His confession would dishonour his friends who are convicted who are brave enough to die as support to the truth. Also it will dishonour himself, staining not just his public reputation, but also his soul. He then decides to change his mind and tells Danforth that he does not want to lie, this bringing him to heaven. He has now redeemed his sin. As Elizabeth says to end the play, responding to Hale’s plea that she convince Proctor to publicly confess: â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! † In this key moment Danforth shows that his greatest interest is to protect the reputation of the court when he prompts Proctor to sign a confession, thus preventing the response of his death. I think that Danforth has changed internally but not externally. I think he believes that the witchcraft is fake, but externally he is still a strict and craving for a good reputation. If he did believe people at the end of the play, then he would not convict John Proctor, but he did because it was to late then, and his reputation would be ruined, as he has convicted people before. It is a crucial moment for the audience because they think Proctor is a bad and not a honourable man when he signs the paper. It is dramatic irony, but not as much. The audience know that Proctor does not see the Devil, to save his life by confessing and showing you don not lie, he says he has been seeing the Devil. But he suddenly changes, he rips the piece of paper representing his confession, and explains that his name is more important, he wants to show he is a heroic man, so he says he never has see the Devil, which is true, and the audience see how he is a better man, and is going to die being an honourable and a heroic man. A crucible is a melting pot, where substances are heated to a high temperature to get rid of impurities. Miller is suggesting the play is like to purge by fire, a form of ‘cleansing’. This is a metaphor for spiritual improvements as the result of a confession being exerted. It is known as ‘cleaning’ or ‘cleansing’ yourself by confessing to seeing the Devil. There is many ways to explain the name of the book and here are some more: first witches supposedly boil potions in cauldrons and a synonym for cauldron is crucible. Secondly, it has a metaphorical meaning: the society of Salem is being heated and stirred in an attempt to remove the impurities and leave only the pure members of the society. One of the central themes of the play is the spiritual development of John Proctor. It is a powerful and complex play. All of the action takes place indoors and it is very black, simplistic and it emphasises the lifestyle of the people and it echoes the claustrophobic atmosphere of the play. The play focuses on ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. In the play Miller is discussing the forces of evil. In the attempt to cut out evil there is certainly a degree of irony. The irony in this play is that evil and tragedy actually occur from the actions of the unwise and over eager characters such as Danforth and Parris and to a certain extent Hale, who became responsible for deaths, misery and cruelty. Miller is suggesting that humans are vulnerable to evil and he aims to show that the evil generated in Salem was through a combination of circumstances for which no one person could be held entirely responsible but yet none were guilt free. The Crucible was based on real events and characters. The people of the 17th Century Salem, witchcraft were a very real and forceful threat. Many people were accused of being witches, and were tortured and executed. The discrimination of witches spread to a lot of places around the world. Witches thought to commit crimes have various ‘proofs’ of a witch including the testimony of a fellow witch, the common belief or accusation of those who live with suspected witch, cursing followed by some mischief or the person disagrees with the person when questioned. Miller was interested in McCarthy trials in the 1940s/50s and made the book parallel to it, Salem witch trials of 1682. Miller may have oversimplified matters, in that while there were no actual witches in Salem, there were certainly Communists in 1950s America. However, one can argue that Miller’s concern in The Crucible is not with whether the accused actually are witches, but rather with the refusal of the court officials to believe that they are not. McCarthyism limits, which wronged many innocents and this parallel was felt strongly in Miller’s own time. In real life, at Millers time, Abigail Williams was 12 years old, but in the play she is 17, but why did he change the age? He did this to make Abigail Williams a better character to make her do all the mischievous things she does in the play. At the age of 17, you are mature and able to make an opinion, and act more like an adult, unlike a 12 year old where you are still to young to do things adults do. Danforth was not a real person, he was made up, but the wonderful thing about him is that he is made up of 3 characters. These three characters were the judges, but they would not be as dramatic and neither strong, unless there is one person who rules, making that character more remembered, and more important to the play.

The Political And Social Landscape Of The 20th Century

Regan Tart HIS 103 A Dr. Li 12/02/15 Please add a title here to indicate your topic. There was an abundant amount of ideological trends that took place in the twentieth century that formed the political and social landscape of the world today. Nazism had a huge impact on the historical development in Germany and overall, influenced the whole world tremendously. Nazism as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary states, â€Å"the body of political and economic doctrines held and put into effect by the Nazis in Germany from 1933 to 1945 including the totalitarian principle of government, predominance of especially Germanic groups assumed to be racially superior, and supremacy of the fà ¼hrer.† Germany began to struggle in many important areas in the 1920s under the Weimer government. Germany especially struggled economically and the lack of funds left the Germans feeling quite uneasy. These struggles opened the doors for Communism to creep its way into Germany. The German people were looking to any alternative that would replace the Weimar reign. Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazis. The Nazis are a group of National Socialist German Workers. He first became linked to this party in 1919, when he was mandating the publicity and membership for the party. Near the end of 1920, three-thousand new members had joined the Nazi Party mainly due to Hitler and his publicity. Hitler saw the weak state that Germany was in and concluded that his political party wouldShow MoreRelated1800s Transportation Us History1313 Words   |  6 Pagestransportation are necessary. During the 1800’s, social change became more prominent in different areas of the country such as the South and Midwest. As economic prosperity grew, the need for new and more efficient means of transportation grew as well. 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The Best Architecture Schools Americas Top Picks

Choosing an architecture school is like choosing a car: you either know exactly what interests you, or youre overwhelmed with choices. Both choices also should get you to the job you want. The decision is up to you, but certain schools consistently rank on the top-10 lists of best architecture schools. What are the top architecture schools in the United States? Which architecture program is the most respected? Which is the most innovative? Which schools have specialties, like landscape architecture or ecological architecture? What about interior design? Finding the best architecture school that will help you achieve your goals takes some consideration; you must do your homework to have the best experience. One consideration is how a program measures up compared with other schools. Every year, a number of research firms conduct extensive surveys and rank university architecture and design programs. It turns out that some of the same schools keep appearing on these lists year after year. Thats a good sign, meaning that their programs are stable and solid, with unwavering quality. Here is a discussion of what the best can offer. Americas Best Architecture and Design Schools Before you choose a visual arts career, consider the real-world aspects. All careers in the arts involve business and marketing, and most fields of study have specialties; everyones goal is to get a job. Architecture is a collaborative discipline, which means that what is called the built environment is created from the talents of many. At the center of all professional architecture study is the studio experience—an intense and collaborative practicum that makes obvious why becoming an architect cannot be a totally online learning experience. Fortunately, the best architecture and design schools in the U.S. are located from coast to coast and are a mix of private and public. Private schools are generally more expensive but have other advantages, including an endowment for scholarships. Public schools are a bargain, especially if you establish residency and qualify for the in-state tuition rate. The location of a school often informs the experience offered to the student. New York City schools such as Pratt Institute, Parsons New School, and Cooper Union have access to a variety of local talent as faculty, such as the Pulitzer Prize–winning architecture critic Paul Goldberger, as well as alumni who keep their bases in the city. For example, Annabelle Selldorf went to Pratt, and Elizabeth Diller attended Cooper Union. Certain schools have a rich and historically diverse backyard of local architecture and building techniques; think of adobe-related earth designs and processes in the American West. Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana, offers insight on how communities can rebuild after devastating hurricanes. Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pennsylvania claims to utilize the context of our dynamic, post-industrial city of Pittsburgh as a laboratory for inquiry and action. School size is also a consideration. Larger schools may offer more, although smaller schools may rotate their required courses over a number of years. Architecture is an inclusive discipline, so think about other courses offered by the university that support the school of architecture. What made architect Peter Eisenman successful is that he studied and made formal use of concepts from other fields, including linguistics, philosophy and mathematics, in his architectural designs. Although large universities that offer majors in many disciplines are not for everyone, they do offer a flexible variety of opportunities to meld the engineering with the art of architectural design. Specialties Do you want a professional or nonprofessional degree, a graduate or undergraduate degree, or a professional certificate in a field of study? Look for specialty programs and ongoing research that might interest you. Consider fields such as urban design, historic preservation, building sciences, or acoustic design.  Neri Oxman, associate professor of media arts and sciences, does astounding research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in a field she calls material ecology. Seek out  Middle Eastern architecture and culture, one of the Centers of Special Interest at the University of Oklahoma. Explore architectural engineering at the University of Colorado in Boulder or the National Wind Institute at Texas Tech in Lubbock. The Lighting Research Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, calls itself the worlds leading center for lighting research and education, but at Parsons in New York City, you dont even need to study architecture for a degree in lighting design, but you can if you want to. Look for guidance on landscape architecture programs from the professional organization American Society of Landscape Architects; turn to the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) for better understanding the lighting design field; check out the Council for Interior Design Accreditation to explore that field. If youre unsure, attend an institution like the University of Nebraska–Lincoln to explore many different fields. Surround Yourself With Greatness Great institutes attract greatness. Architects Peter Eisenman and Robert A.M. Stern were both associated with Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut,  as students, Eisenman attended Cornell, and Stern studied at Columbia and Yale.  Frank Gehry went to the University of Southern California (USC) and Harvard University and has taught there as well as at Columbia and Yale. Japanese Pritzker Laureate Shigeru Ban studied at SCI-Arc with Frank Gehry and Thom Mayne before moving on to Cooper Union. Friedrich St. Florian, designer of the high-profile WWII memorial in Washington, D.C., spent decades teaching at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) in Providence. You may see Pritzker Laureate Thom Mayne or author  Witold Rybczynski walk the halls of the University of Pennsylvania School of Design in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, perhaps researching the archive collections of architects Anne Griswold Tyng, Louis I. Kahn, Robert Venturi, and Denise Scott Brown. Architects Toyo Ito, Jeanne Gang, and Greg Lynn have held positions as Design Critic in Architecture at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Pritzker Laureates Rem Koolhaas and Rafael Moneo also have taught at Harvard. Remember, too, that Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer both fled Nazi Germany to be taken in by Harvard Graduate School of Design, influencing the likes of students like I.M. Pei and Philip Johnson. The top schools attract top talent not only in teaching but also in the best students from around the world. You may be collaborating on a project with a future Pritzker Laureate or assisting a published scholar on getting the next Pulitzer Prize. Summary: The Best Architecture Schools in the U.S. Top 10 Private Schools Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), Los Angeles, CAUniversity of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CARice University,  Houston, TX  Washington University, St. Louis, MOSyracuse University, Syracuse, NYCornell University, Ithaca, NYColumbia University, New York CityYale University, New Haven, CTHarvard University, Cambridge, MAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA Top 10 Public Schools University of California–Berkeley, Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo, and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) are rocks of the California State University systemUniversity of Texas, Austin, TXIowa State University, Ames, IAUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MISchool of Architecture and Interior Design, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OHVirginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAAuburn University, Auburn, ALGeorgia Tech School of Architecture, Atlanta, GA Sources Tenure Track Faculty, Carnegie Mellon University, https://soa.cmu.edu/tenure-track-faculty/ [accessed March 13, 2018]Peter Eisenman is the First Gwathmey Professor, Yale News, https://news.yale.edu/2010/01/15/peter-eisenman-first-gwathmey-professor [accessed March 13, 2018]About LRC, http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/aboutUs/index.asp [accessed March 13, 2018]

Van Gogh And Warhol Post Impressionism And Pop Art

Paola Chacon Emil Bakalli HUA 101 December 9, 2014 Final Van Gogh and Andy Warhol Post-Impressionism and Pop Art There have been different art forms that have come and go over the course of time. Hence I will discuss, two significant movements like Post-impressionism and Pop art. Two important artists from these movements are, Vincent Van Gogh and Andy Warhol. There are many differences and very few similarities between these two movements and artists, although more differences. Van Gogh is one of the most captivating artists of post-impressionism. . Throughout his career Van Gogh has painted many works. One of those magnificent paintings is â€Å"Starry Night† by Vincent Van Gogh. In the other hand we will discuss one of the popular paintings â€Å" Gold Marilyn† by Andy Warhol. Warhol is also the most famous of the Pop Artists and played a major role in making the art movement popular. Post-impressionism and Pop Art resulted as an artistic reaction on both sides. Post-Impressionism groups diverse pictorial tendencies that arose in France surroundings to 1880-1905 like reaction to the impressionism. In the other hand pop art was an artistic reaction to abstract expressionism. It can seem surprising the fact that in so short space of time, as soon as a quarter of century, so many evolutions and involutions in the land of art have taken place, mainly considering that until second half of century XIX, the great periods (Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque...) they included hundredsShow MoreRelatedThe Journey Of Postmodern Art1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Journey to Postmodern Art The field of visual art is extremely broad, therefore art historians have been attempting to categorize it based on style, time of creation, and subject matter for centuries. Much like any other sociological aspect of life, the culture and time period in which it was made has a great impact on the artist which directly influences their art. Though art is and always has been a way for someone to express themselves, limitations from certain parties took some of that experienceRead MoreArt History Study Guide3003 Words   |  13 PagesDavid, Gerard –Flaying of the Corrupt Judge Sisammes * Memling, Hans –St. Ursula Reliquary * Sluter, Claus –Well of Moses * van Eyck, Jan –Ghent Altarpiece; Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride (aka Arnolfini Wedding); Man in a Red Turban (self-portrait) * van der Goes, Hugo –Portinari Altarpiece * van der Weyden, Rogier –Deposition; Last Judgment Altarpiece; Portrait of a Lady * Germany * Schongauer, Martin –Temptation of St. Anthony